Hi Rolf, unless you can give specifics about what you are actually looking into your comments are very general and when used in Google produce '000,000 of response and is possibly the reason why you are not getting to the answer/s quickly.
The words "SIM not Valid" and "SIM not Activated" could be device and operator dependent (subject to device-manual or operator T&Cs) but those statement messages can be generically used for a host reasons. Equally, you may wish to search RFC and 3GPP.
As a suggestion: Identify where the statement messages (seen on phone screen) are coming from:-
1) Pre-recorded in handset ?
2) Sent by the network ?
"SIM not Valid" could mean the handset or network doesn't recognise the SIM because e.g.
handset
i) The ATR is corrupted ?
ii) The error may be due to using incorrect profiling values "00" or "FF" ?
iii) Could mean the handset only accepts 1.8v SIMs and the SIM inserted is 5v ?
iv) etc.
Equally, it could mean:
network
v) The SIM has been previously registered and activated in a network but due to miscommunications or corrupted message to an authentication database or server ?
vi) etc.
"SIM not Activated" adds more possibilities such as it could mean a service on the SIM card is not activate for that service (see SIM SERVICE Table); or the SIM card requires an input code provided by the operator to activate the card (early Orange SIMs had this requirement); or the operator has yet to activate for the account to enable network services to be obtained; and so on.
I would have thought that if the SIM had broken or the microelectronic circuits were damaged a message you might see on the phone screen when powering ON is "Insert SIM", but I could be wrong.
The questions you are asking are not short/simple/easy and are not easily answered, without considerably more inform of what you are looking into.
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